Compressor or pump



(No Model.)

GOMPRESSOR 0R BUMP.

No. 5v5-,139.

Patented Jam. l2, 1897.

v @MM Wfl/Lto@ NTTED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

OSCAR VEGNER, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

COMPRESSOR 0R PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 575,139, dated January 12, 1897'.

Application filed July 9, 1894. Serial No. 516,975. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, OsoAR WEGNER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New ber communicating with the @duction-port.`

In each chamber is a hollow valve, that I call a head-valve, that seats against the flat face of the cylinder and closes its end. These hollow head-valves have therein inductionvalves that open into the cylinder, and tubular projections that work, with an air-tight joint, in induction-passages of the apparatus, there being sufficient play to allow the movement of the head-valve from its seat to discharge the contents of the cylinder as the pist0n approaches or lifts it in the movement of the piston to or beyond the extreme end of the cylinder. The difference in the respective collective pressureV upon the opposite sides of the head-valve returns itto its seat on the flat face of the cylinder as the piston recedes, and when said valve is so seated and on the continued recession of the piston the inductionvalve or valves therein open and admit the air, gas, or liquid to the rear side of the piston.

In the accompanying drawings, which show myinvention in the form now best known to me, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 1 l of Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a similar view on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 isa transverse section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 4 is a plan view of the lower hollow head-valve, having thereinfour induction-valves surrounding the piston-rod opening, and the inductionpassages in the tubular extensions ofthe head.

I have omitted all parts of the framing or supports which are unnecessary to an understanding of my invention.

The cylinder A is formed or cast with av flange A at each end, to which are bolted the end pieces B C, that form -chambers B' C', that communicate with the ed uction port or passage D. Within the chamber B is a hollow head-valve E, that seatsupon the flat face of the cylinder, and has on opposite sides two tubular extensions or arms E E, that t closely and work in passages e c, that communicate with induction-ports F. The joint between E E' and c e may-be packed, and I have shown an annular yielding sheath c', closing the joint and attached to the respective parts by clamping rings or Wires e2. ind uction-valve E2 of special construction is seated centrally in the face of the hollow headvalve opposite the end of the cylinder, and when seated, it is' flush with thev face of the hollow head-valve. When open, it establishes communication between the cylinder and the interior of the head-valve, and thence to the induction port or ports through the telescoping connections E c'. The other end of the cylinder is provided with a head-valve G of similar construction and arrangement, except it has a central opening for the piston-rod X and a concentric tubular extension H therefrom which passes through a stuffing-box c in the end piece C and in which the piston-rod works, a stuffing-box being applied at the end of the extension, and instead of a single induction-valve, as in the other head, it has four such valves `G2 arranged around the piston-rod, the purpose being to provide an area of inlet approximately equal to that of the valve E2.

G g g g2 show parts corresponding with E e c e2. The area of the induction-valve E2 and the combined area of the four inductionvalves Gr2 is preferably, respectively, .about equal to one-half the area of the flat face of one side of the piston.

The back pressure of the compressed air, gas, or liquid holds the head-valve upon its seat as the piston moves away from the headvalve, and the induction-valve therein opens to admit the incoming air, &c. After the head-valve has been moved from its seat the action of the piston which passes to or beyond ICO the extreme end of the cylinder expels its env tire contents, and as the piston recedes the head-valve follows with it and comes to its seat. Such action is due to the fact that the area of the head-valve upon which the compressed air, dto., acts to close it against its seat is greater than the area thereof upon which the compressed air acts in the opposite direction. This difference of area is due to the fact that the tubular extensions working in the induction-passages are isolated or occluded from and reduce the area next or adjacent to the end of the cylinder, and such difference of area is amply sufficient to effect the closing of the head-valves by the back pressure. If the surface of contact of the face of the piston and the face of the head-valve were perfectly true and close, the back pressure would be excluded from the area of the head-valve covered by the piston, but I do not rely upon such a condition to obtain the requisite difference in area or pressure. Such difference in area, and consequentl-y difference in pressure, upon the opposing faces of the headvalve as maybe required in any particular casey may readily be obtained by constructing the tubular extensions connected with the head-valve ofdifferent areas.

The area of the tubular extensions G at the piston-rod end of the machine is somewhat greater than that of those at the opposite end. This is done to compensate for the area on the face of the head-valve farthest from the cylinder occludedr bythe tubular hub H.

The machine may be arranged vertically, asl shown, or in other positions.

The induction-valves in the head-valves are constructed as follows: Each valve has a tubular stem S, partly closed at the end by an internal annular fiange. The fixed pin or bolt S' upon which the valve-stem works passes through the end of the stem and is provided with ahead s, lit-ting the stem, and between such head and the flanged end. of the tubular stem is a coiled spring surrounding the pin. This construction insures a proper guiding and seat-ing of the valve.

I represents an oil-pipe for oiling the bearing ofthe piston-rod.

`K K are passages through. the piston-rod leading to a chamber 7c therein to provide for a circulation of a cooling agent to reduce temperature. Flexible connections should be attached to the outlets of these passages,

As shown and as thus far described the apparatus is assumed to be placed in a closed circulation system of liquid or gas, as, for instance, the closed circulation system of a refrigerating-machine using ammonia or other gas, wherein the normal back` pressure will be sufficient to close the cylinder headvalves against their seats. When used as an ordi-v nary liquid-pump, the back pressure of the column of liquid will be sufficient to accomplish the same end. lVhen used as an air or gas compressor working into a receiver or toan. auxiliary chamber connected with the main receiver through a pressure-valve, the requisiteinitial pressure may be obtainedby the use of an auxiliary compressor of ordinary construction.

The Operation is as follows: Figs. l and 2 show the piston traveling upwardly. The lower head-valveis seated against the end of the cylinder and the induction-valves therein are open, the passage of the gas or liquid through such valves into the cylinder being indicated by the arrows. On the opposite side of the piston the compression has reached a point where the upper head-valve is lifted from its seat on the flat face of the cylinder and the contents of the cylinder are being expelled, as indicated by the arrows. The stroke of the piston carries it slightly beyond the end of the cylinder, so that the cylinder `is completely emptied, and on the return c stroke the upper head-valve follows in contact with the piston and comes to its seat on the flat face of the cylinder, being forced down by the back pressure, as described. As the piston continueb its motion the inductionvalve in this head-valve is opened and gas or liquid enters the cylinder. As the piston continues its downward motion the operation described is repeated at the other end of the cylinder, the lower head-Valve being lifted against its seat by the back pressure as the piston reeedes.

I have indicated by dotted lines at T an ordinary pressure-regulating valve located in the eduction-port D and at V V ordinary closure-valves in the induction-passages. Such valves may be used in starting the machine in the absence of a sufficient initial back pressure, as follows: The valves V V should be closed, and it will be assumed that the piston isin the central position shown in the. drawings. As the piston moves upwardly the air, gas, or liquid in front of the piston and in the chamber and eduction-passages,will be compressed. On the return movement of; the piston the difference of pressure on the opposite sides of the head-valve E may seat it. lf not, when the piston has passed beyond the central position a partial vacuum will be created and the induction-valve will open and admit air, gas, or liquid. On the return stroke of the piston a sufficient pressure will be established in the chamber B to seat the head-valve as the piston recedes. The valves V V may then be opened and the operation will proceed as already described.

Thetubular extensions E E and G G. are symmet'ricallylocatedon opposite sides of the head-valves to afford a proper balance. and movement.

The apparatus may 0f course be used as a vacuum-pump.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the cylinder, the piston, the end chamber communicating with the eductionport, thehollow head-valve arranged in said chamber seated against the end faceof the cylinder, the induction-port, extensible con- IIO nections between such port and the interior of the head-valve arranged on the face of said valve adjacent or next to the cylinder end7 and the induction-valve arranged in the head-valve,.whereby the area of the face of the head-valve adjacent to the cylinder is made less than the area ofthe opposite face of such valve and the valve caused to close by the back pressure of the fluid.

2. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the cylinder, the piston, the chamber at each c nd of the cylinder communicating with the eduction-port, the hollow headvalve in each chamber seated against the end face of the cylinder, the extensible or telescoping connections on the side of the headvalve adjacent to the cylinder between the interior of the head and the induction-port, an induction-valve in said head, and the piston-rod passing through one of said heads and end chambers, whereby the area of the face of the head-valve adjacent to the cylinder is made less than the area of the opposite face of such valve and the valve caused to close by the back pressure of the Iiuid.

3. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the cylinder and piston, the chambers at the end of the cylinder communicating with the eduction-port, the valved hollow head-valves in said chambers connected by extensible joints on `their faces adjacent to the cylinder with the' induction-port, a tubular extension from one of said head-valves passing through the wall of the end chamber and through a packing-box, and the pistonrod having its bearing in such tubular extension, whereby the area of the face of the headvalve adjacent to the cylinder is made less than4 the area of the opposite face of such valve and the valve caused to close by the back pressure of the fluid.

4. The combination, substantially as set forth, with the cylinder, the piston working therein and the end chamber communicating with the eduction-port, of the hollow headvalve in said chamber closing the end of the cylinder, an induction-valve therein, opposite the end of the cylinder, and a yielding or telescoping connection between the induction-port and the interior of said head-valve located in the face of the head-valve adjacent to the end of the cylinder, whereby the area of the face of the head-valve adjacent to the cylinder is made less than the area of the opposite face of such valve and the valve caused to close by the back pressure of the fluid.

5. The combination, substantially as set forth, with the cylinder, the piston working therein and the end chamber communicating with the eduction-port, of the hollow valved the flat face of the cylinder and having one or more tubular extensions on its face next to the cylinder working in an induction passage or passages, for `the purpose described.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of the cylinder and the piston moving to or beyond the extreme end of the cylinder, the head-valve closing the end of the cylinder and the induction and eduction passages, the head-valve having its two areas upon which the back pressure acts with a tendency to move it toward and from the cylinder so related that the area of the face adjacent to the cylinder is less than that of the opposite face, whereby the diiference in pressure upon the two faces of the valve causes it to be seated after it has been displaced by the action of the piston and as the piston recedes.

7. A valve having opposite faces or areas upon which the same medium of pressure acts, and part of the area of the face adjacent to the valve-seat isolated from such pressure and exposed to a less pressure, whereby the valve is caused to close against its seat by the difference in pressure upon said two faces.

8. A valve having a portion of its side adjacent to its seat isolated and exposed to a less pressure than that exerted upon the remainder of the valve, whereby the valve is caused to close by the preponderance of pressure exerted upon that side of the valve farthest from its seat, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name. l

OSCAR VVEGNER. IVitnesses:

' FRANK S. OBER,

EDWARD C. DAVIDSON.

6o l head-valve in said chamber seating against v 

